Coal and mineral-based economies
Mine closure, reclamation, and repurposing
Critical minerals and future resource transitions
Industrial transitions (steel, cement, manufacturing, textile, construction, etc.)
Regional economic restructuring and development pathways
Land use transitions (AFOLU, industrial, urban, peri-urban and rural)
Geoscience and subsurface perspectives
Remote sensing and GIS for transition analysis and planning
Ecological restoration and post-mining landscapes
Palaeontology and long-term landscape histories
Climate change impacts on ecosystems and land systems
Policy processes, legal and institutional frameworks
Energy transitions and non-fossil pathways
Science, technology, and innovation for sustainability
Economic diversification, jobs, and skilling pathways
Transition finance and green investment
Circular economy models and sustainable production systems
Workforce transitions (formal and informal)
Communities and dependent populations
Gender, youth, and social inclusion
Indigenous and local knowledge systems
Governance and industry actors
Participation, rehabilitation, resettlement, and conflict resolution